Translation Service
Choosing between a freelance translator and
a large translation agency Advantages of the freelance translator: Price: Very competitive prices. Translation agencies
typically charge about twice as much as a freelance translator. A large
translation agency has significantly higher operating expenses than a small
business. Personal Service: The small size of freelance
companies allows them to provide personalized service in a dedicated and
flexible manner. I am a native Romanian speaker with over 20 years of
English and French experience. My service will provide you with more than a translation, I
will give you the cultural advantage. I am highly qualified language
professional. My specialization includes almost all the fields. I provide the expertise you require to conduct business
without barriers. English and French language Reliable translation of personal and business documents
Prompt estimates e-mailed directly to you Very competitive pricing without compromising quality Successful Web Pages Foreign Language Advertising Language Instruction and Cultural Consulting Multimedia and Software Localization You will never pay a minimum charge for any
translation. Standard service is 5 cents per word. Visit my
rates page for more details. Precise translations that are easy to understand and
interpret Professional editing and formatting at no additional cost
Accurate reflection of the original cultural tone You need to know your documents are respected and valuable.
You must be able to trust that the translation is accurate and true to the
original language; otherwise, it could be a disaster for my business or
personal relationships. I will transform your concerns into your success. I am
language expert and businessman, so I will exceed your expectations both in
the translation and beyond it. Translation is an activity comprising the
interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language — the source text — and the production of a new, equivalent
text in another language — called the target text, or the translation.
Traditionally, translation has been a human activity,
although attempts have been made to automate and computerise the translation of
natural language texts — machine translation — or to use computers as an aid to
translation — computer-assisted translation. The goal of translation is to establish a relationship of
equivalence between the source and the target texts (that is to say to
ensure that both texts communicate the same message), while taking into account
a number of constraints. These constraints include context, the rules of grammar
of the source language, its writing conventions, its idioms and the like. A distinction is made between translation, which
consists of transferring ideas expressed in writing from one language to
another, from
interpreting, which consists of transferring ideas expressed orally,
or by the use of gestures (as in the case of sign language), from one
language to another. Although interpreting can be considered a subcategory of
translation as far as the analysis of the processes involved is concerned (translation
studies), in practice the talents required for these two activities are
quite different. The
translation process, whether it be for translation or interpreting, can be
described simply as: Decoding the meaning of the source text, and
Re-encoding this meaning in the target language. To decode the meaning of a text the translator must first
identify its component "translation units", that is to say the segments of
the text to be treated as a cognitive unit. A translation unit may be a word, a
phrase or even one or more sentences. Behind this seemingly simple procedure lies a complex
cognitive operation. To decode the complete meaning of the source text, the
translator must consciously and methodically interpret and analyse all its
features. This process requires thorough knowledge of the grammar, semantics,
syntax, idioms and the like of the source language, as well as the culture of its speakers. The translator needs the same in-depth knowledge to re-encode
the meaning in the target language. In fact, often translators' knowledge of the
target language is more important, and needs to be deeper, than their knowledge
of the source language. For this reason, most translators translate into a
language of which they are
native speakers. In addition, knowledge of the subject matter being discussed
is essential. In recent years studies in
cognitive linguistics have been able to provide valuable insights into the
cognitive process of translation. As the goal of translation is to ensure that the source and
the target texts communicate the same message while taking into account the
various constraints placed on the translator, a successful translation can be
judged by two criteria: Faithfulness, also called fidelity, which
is the extent to which the translation accurately renders the meaning of the
source text, without adding to it or subtracting from it, and without
intensifying or weakening any part of the meaning; and
Transparency, which is the extent to which the
translation appears to a native speaker of the target language to have
originally been written in that language, and conforms to the language's
grammatical, syntactic and idiomatic conventions. A translation meeting the first criterion is said to be a
"faithful translation"; a translation meeting the second criterion is said to be
an "idiomatic translation". The criteria used to judge the faithfulness of a translation
vary according to the subject, the precision of the original contents, the type,
function and use of the text, its literary qualities, its social or historical
context, and so forth. The criteria for judging the transparency of a translation
would appear more straightforward: an unidiomatic translation "sounds" wrong,
and in the extreme case of word-for-word translations generated by many
machine translation systems, often result in patent nonsense. Nevertheless, in certain contexts a translator may knowingly
strive to produce a literal translation. For example, literary translators and
translators of religious works often adhere to the source text as much as
possible. To do this they deliberately "stretch" the boundaries of the target
language to produce an unidiomatic text. Likewise, a literary translator may
wish to adopt words or expressions from the source language to provide "local
colour" in the translation. The concepts of fidelity and transparency are
looked at differently in recent translation theories. The idea that acceptable
translations can be as creative and original as their source text is gaining
momentum in some quarters. The concepts of fidelity and transparency
remain strong in Western traditions, however. They are not necessarily as
prevalent in non-Western traditions. For example, the
Indian epic Ramayana has numerous versions in many
Indian languages and the stories in each are different from one another. If
one looks into the words used for translation in Indian (either Aryan or
Dravidian) languages, the freedom given to the translators is evident. English Romanian Translation
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